In a large pot of salted boiling water, cook the pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve ½ cup of pasta cooking water, then drain the rest and set aside.
In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes, sautéing for about 1-2 minutes until the garlic is fragrant but not browned.
Add the chickpeas to the skillet, cooking for another 5 minutes until they are warmed through and slightly crispy.
Stir in the lemon zest and lemon juice, mixing well. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Toss in the cooked pasta, fresh spinach, and reserved pasta water. Mix everything together until the spinach has wilted and the pasta is evenly coated with the lemon-garlic sauce.
Remove from heat and stir in the grated Parmesan cheese. Adjust seasoning if necessary.
Serve hot, garnished with fresh parsley and an extra sprinkle of Parmesan cheese if desired.
Notes
For a vegan option, substitute Parmesan cheese with nutritional yeast.